With the 2022 rule change on the horizon bargeboards will no longer be a feature of F1 cars, but what are they, how do they work, and will F1’s designers be able to replicate their function in 2022?
Why would the air move from a region of low pressure to a region of high pressure?
It doesn't, it always goes from high to low. You create higher than atmospheric pressure by moving through the air. The air fills the space you leave as you displace the air via turbulence, as that is the quickest way to return to atmospheric equilibrium.
A vortex needs energy to sustain itself, the tendency of air will be to come to rest and become "static" pressure if no energy is added to it. If you add energy to the air by displacing it, in the proper way, you get a vortex. The low and high pressure components are separated and in equilibrium because of the energy being fed into the system.
The vortices are generated by differential pressure across a device e.g. the Y250 is generated by the discontinuity formed where the central mandated neutral section of the front wing meets the inner end of the active part of the front wing. Here, the air is being accelerated by the wing and air is drawn laterally in to this air across the lower surface of the neutral section. So we have lateral movement that starts the vortex.
The end of the neutral section is visible here, for example:
Once the air leaves the rear edge of this device, that's it. It starts to deteriorate by what is effectively a boundary layer drag between the spinning core and the "still" air around it. No additional energy is being added until the vortex meets a similar vortex being generated by a different device elsewhere on the car e.g. the bargeboard. By creating a number of similar vortices, the devices on the bargeboard have an additive effect on the main vortex. This helps to keep the Y250 vortex going and with sufficient spin to help direct air around the car.
Keep in mind that these vortices are short lived beasties. They traverse the entire length of the car in a fraction of a second, and once they leave the last vortex generating surface behind, they start to deteriorate, and soon burst and disperse in to ever smaller eddies. At racing speeds, the air leaving the trailing edge of the front wing is behind the rear of the car in 0.1s or less.
I assume your water jet video is trying to show that you can spin up the vortices that way too. You can use a lateral jet but it would need to be in a container such as a vortex dust extractor. If you just blow air at an unrestrained vortex, it'll just move laterally and, of course, lose some of its coherence.
If you are more fortunate than others, build a larger table not a taller fence.
Well you have a container in the venturi tunnels with the 2022 cars and you have the floor fences which will undoubtedly create vortices. You have enough fences that you can make a pair of vortices that can interact, might be interesting to experiment with the pressure waves that happen when counter rotating vortices collide before the throat.
I can see the lower one, or a variation, being the go to design.
Will be interesting to see the balance of downforce vs "clean" air to the tunnels. I think somewhere in the middle may be the way to go, but we'll see. I want to do a load of CFD but I've got about 50 variations of nose and front wing to try
#aerogandalf "There is one big friend. It is downforce. And once you have this it’s a big mate and it’s helping a lot." Robert Kubica
I can see the lower one, or a variation, being the go to design.
Also I'm thinking of trying to squat the rear at medium / high speed for lifting the front wing and increasing the AoA of the floor, moving rearwards the CP for high speed stability. And at very high speed, lowering the rear until stalling the difusser / choking the floor throat.
The suspensions are this year highly restricted, but I think that with a clever conjuction of levers and non linear springs, you can achieve a big and sudden squat of the suspension.
I can see the lower one, or a variation, being the go to design.
Will be interesting to see the balance of downforce vs "clean" air to the tunnels. I think somewhere in the middle may be the way to go, but we'll see. I want to do a load of CFD but I've got about 50 variations of nose and front wing to try
When I say "lower", I mean the bottom image. I realise "lower" is confusing in this context.
If you are more fortunate than others, build a larger table not a taller fence.