Excuse reviving a dead thread but there are noteworthy developments on the fuel front this season.
Regarding the ethanol question, ethanol begins as a comestible and ends as a combustible. Farmers can get fat on corn or sugar cane but can't very well subsist on crude oil, or petroleum distillates. And potable alcohol is too precious a commodity to be causing automobiles to drink drive.
F1 fuel not only is dramatically different from road car petrol, there is substantial difference between what the individual teams run, and sometimes what a given team runs can change markedly. According to AMuS, twice this season Total have raised the peak output of the Renault ICEs by 12 PS by changing fuel blend, once
before Catalunya and again
before Hockenheim. In each case, only Renault were provided the new fuel for the first race. That their present fuel allows 3% more bhp than what had been used at Melbourne speaks to how dissimilar it is.
The most substantive difference I am aware of this season is with Mercedes, for whom, according to
Omnicorse.it, Petronas have blended a petrol of such high specific gravity that the volume of their allowed 100kg is as much as 20 litres (~15%) smaller than any other team's. Which might not connote any horsepower advantage but certainly lends an added measure of flexibility to car's layout. Not to mention a slightly smaller/lighter fuel cell. And indicates a tremendous difference in fuel composition from the other teams.
That development seems to me a bit ironic as one of the motivations behind 2014's change to regulating petrol by mass rather than by volume was that during the previous turbo era, once fuel cell size was restricted and refueling eliminated (in an effort to reign in skyrocketing boost pressures), the teams took to chilling their fuel, causing it to contract a bit so a greater mass could be fit into a standard sized tank. Limiting allowable fuel by mass negates that tactic, yet Mercedes/Petronas still saw fit to invest the R&D funds to "shrink" their fuel anyway, if only for the benefit of fitting their cars with a smaller container.
That same article states that the teams employ between 15 and 30 petrol boffins to develop their race fuel (but I have read elsewhere that the number at Maranello is closer to 40), which hints at just how fiddly the final formulation is. IIRC the TR stipulate the formulation of 97% of the fuel, which leaves each boffin responsible for no more than 0.2% of the final blend (yes I am aware that amounts to very fuzzy maths).