This is also very much here and now, rather than anything a few years off.
The quite spectacularly named Skylar Tibbits goes on.
http://vimeo.com/108391033"We're releasing self-transforming carbon fibre. It's fully cured but designed to be flexible. What we do is we print with different materials on to the carbon fibre to make it active.
The idea here is to take existing material systems like fibres, sheets, strands and three-dimensional objects and program them to change shape and property on demand. What we've done in the past six months is try to develop a suite of materials that have different activation energies, like heat, light, water, air pressure, et cetera."
They are even working on "programmable rubber":
http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/201 ... -interviewFor shoes, tyres, those kinds of applications, as it gets wet, the grip can change