fuel injection, semi automatic transmission,power steering

All that has to do with the power train, gearbox, clutch, fuels and lubricants, etc. Generally the mechanical side of Formula One.
sandeep
sandeep
0
Joined: 22 Jun 2004, 06:23
Location: india

fuel injection, semi automatic transmission,power steering

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i was preparing a seminar on f1 technology and some doubts creeped in .
so please help me on these

1) how is the fuel injected into the engine ? (i mean ,as air fuel mix or fuel injected into air in chamber and spark ignited?)

2)semi automatic transmission : in this, clutch is automatic(torque convertor ,rit?) and upshift manual , i guess . is downshifts automatic ? (is semiautomatic still used )

3) what assist does power steering have, hydrualic or electronic ?

Lauda
Lauda
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Joined: 15 Jul 2005, 15:49
Location: Maastricht

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power steering is hydraulic

DaveKillens
DaveKillens
34
Joined: 20 Jan 2005, 04:02

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Each cylinder has a separate intake, in which the length can be altered to suit the airflow requirements for changing RPM and load. The fuel injectors are inside, or just before these intake trumpets. The fuel/air charge is ignited by a spark, inside the combustion chamber, similar to production engines.
The transmission is not an automatic with a torque converter. It is similar to a conventional manual transmission, but upshifts and downshifts are controlled by computer. There is a clutch. It depends on the programming and the driver, but upshifts and downshifts can be selected by the driver, or computer. For instance, (in some cars) the driver is allowed to select downshifts, but the computer selects when to upshift. Naturally, the computers monitor all this activity, and do not allow events to damage the vehicle. For instance, it would not allow a downshift if doing so would make the engine RPM rise to a dangerous level.
The conventional practice is to have shifter "paddles" behind the steering wheel, easily available to the driver.
Electronics and hydraulics make all this happen.
There is power assisted steering, and I believe it ishydraulic. But it could possibly be electrical. I would not be surprised to see drive-by-wire steering being proposed by some teams (if legal )

riff_raff
riff_raff
132
Joined: 24 Dec 2004, 10:18

F1 controls

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DaveKillens is correct,

As far as I know, the ECU controls upshifts and the driver controls downshifts. The cars are all two-pedal designs, brake and throttle. Launch control, from the start line or leaving the pits, are controlled by buttons on the steering wheel. No clutch pedal necessary.

As for fuel injector location, I've heard rumors that the Ferrari's use direct cylinder injection. The benefit of using Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI), as opposed to manifold injection, is that GDI allows about 10% greater mass flow through the intake valves. All other things being equal, that amounts to about 10% more HP.

Of course, here's the rules for 2006:

"5.7.2 Only one fuel injector per cylinder is permitted which
must inject directly into the side or the top of the inlet
port."

Finally, here's a cool video from Cosworth:
http://www.cosworth.com/downloads/coswo ... 2818688f7d

Regards,
Terry

BrentK7
BrentK7
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Joined: 12 Aug 2005, 21:24
Location: KS, USA

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Although auto upshift was used in years past it was outlawed by the FIA 2 years ago. The driver must up and down shift with the padle shifters behind the stearing wheel.

THe clutch it located also behind the steering wheel but is only used when launching. When the car is moving the transmission just puts it into whatever gear is selected by the driver with no clutch.

Launch control has also been outlawed in the since of TCS. TCS is now only allowed above 60 mph (i think it is 60). Although some teams are employing new things to make the launch more computer assisted, it is outlawed by the FIA to control it completely electronically.
~Brent "BrentK7" Keltner
brentk7@gmail.com
http://www.InnerVisionStudios.net
AIM: BrentK7

wowf1
wowf1
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Joined: 05 Jan 2004, 13:53
Location: Brunel University, England

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Well, Dave Killens is partly correct! Variable geommetry inlet trumpets are most definitely not allowed! I think all the posed questions have been answered, except maybe the fuel injection one.

From the engines i have seen up close, and also scale models, the engine has 10 (obviously) vertical trumpets that allow air to be rammed into the engine, but above these trumpets is the fuel rail with an injector aimed centrally into the trumpet. This signals to me that the fuel is introduced to the air relatively early, and it is not 'sealed' into the trumpet a la roadcars. I guess this may be to achieve better atomisation with the air before entry into the combustion chamber.

Hope this helps a little bit!

rob

DaveKillens
DaveKillens
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Joined: 20 Jan 2005, 04:02

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It is not against the regulations to have a variable geometry intake..
FIA Technical Regulations 5.3.1 and 5.3.2 do not forbid them. Meanwhile, in 5.4, variable geometry exhaust systems are forbidden.

Guest
Guest
0

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Variable intake geaometry is allowed on the current V10 engines but is banned on next years V8 powerplants.

/ Fx

DaveKillens
DaveKillens
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Joined: 20 Jan 2005, 04:02

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Okey dokey, I stand corrected in this minor miscommunication. Happens when rules change.

Guest
Guest
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No problem. Could have happened to even the best but fortunately it did
not :D

/ Fx

manchild
manchild
12
Joined: 03 Jun 2005, 10:54

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Power steering is electro-hydraulic
Direct fuel inj. is banned, injectors are above trumpets
Direct mixure inj. (invented by SAAB if I'm not mistaken) is banned too

Reca
Reca
93
Joined: 21 Dec 2003, 18:22
Location: Monza, Italy

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A few pics I took Wednesday at Galleria Ferrari to visualize what we are talking about.

Here a global view of the 036 (1990), V12 3497 cc.
Image

As you can see it has 3 fuel rails on the top, a central one and two, one per bank, on the outer sides. That’s because that engine had 2 injectors per cylinder, one under the throttle and the other one above it.
We can take a look in the intake so we can clearly see the two injectors :
Image

Other things to notice, the 3 intake valves and the use of two sliding plates (how do you call that setup in English ?) instead of the butterfly throttle.

From the following year (1991) Ferrari introduced the variable length trumpets and switched back to single injector per cylinder, hence the typical setup with a single central rail as visible on this 043 (1994), V12 3497cc.
Image

That engine had 4 valves per cylinder and butterfly throttle.
The two bars exiting between the cylinders 1 & 2, and the cylinders 5 & 6 are guides for the variation of intakes length, it’s a single carbon part moving vertically, stroke is about 3-4 cm.

Here a close up of the injector and intake runner of the 046/2 (1997), V10 2998 cc :
Image
You can see the guide described above and the gears of the very simple mechanism to lift the trumpets; judging by the length of the guide the stroke was a little larger, in the order of 5 cm.


Here the steering servo, unfortunately the pic is a bit blurred and far from good, I’m sorry but it looked quite ok on the LCD so I didn’t take another one.
Caption : Mechanical valve steering servo for 1997 Ferrari F1 single seater
Image

At the end the clutch, caption : 1995 1999 2000 Evolution of the clutch, 6”, 4” ½, 4” for Ferrari Formula 1 single seater.
Image

riff_raff
riff_raff
132
Joined: 24 Dec 2004, 10:18

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Reca:

Nice Pic's.

It's my guess that injectors on F1 engines are located as far upstream as possible to maximize the latent heat effect of the fuel vaporization.

Regards,
Terry

DaveKillens
DaveKillens
34
Joined: 20 Jan 2005, 04:02

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Other things to notice, the 3 intake valves and the use of two sliding plates (how do you call that setup in English ?) instead of the butterfly throttle.

guillotine valve

bh
bh
0
Joined: 24 May 2005, 23:00

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