2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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FDD
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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Materials that can be used:
15.8.1 Pistons: “Pistons shall be manufactured from one of the following iron-based alloys: AMS 6487, 15cdv6, 42CrMo4, X38CrMoV5-3.”
15.8.3 Connecting rods: “Connecting rods shall be manufactured from iron or titanium-based alloys and shall be machined from a single piece of material without welded or joined assemblies…”
15.8.4 Crankshaft: “Crankshafts shall be manufactured from an iron-based alloy.”

SO, every manufacturer can/must used these materials.
If Mercedes have find something in dilatation, the rest will do the same, no doubt about that.

Conclusion, this story about Mercedes advanage with the thermic dilatation is utterly stupid.

If they have other ace up in the sleeve, that's another story.

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AR3-GP
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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edit: deleted
Last edited by AR3-GP on 26 Dec 2025, 02:14, edited 2 times in total.
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carisi2k
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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AR3-GP wrote:
25 Dec 2025, 12:01
Would it be possible to close or reduce the size of the pre-chamber?

https://i.postimg.cc/V67GNSs6/image.png
Are they still allowed to have the pre chamber injector with the new engines?

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scuderiabrandon
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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carisi2k wrote:
26 Dec 2025, 01:39
AR3-GP wrote:
25 Dec 2025, 12:01
Would it be possible to close or reduce the size of the pre-chamber?

https://i.postimg.cc/V67GNSs6/image.png
Are they still allowed to have the pre chamber injector with the new engines?
I cant imagine they'd run with such high compression ratios if they didn't, at least not reliably.

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etusch
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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AR3-GP wrote:
25 Dec 2025, 12:01
Would it be possible to close or reduce the size of the pre-chamber?

https://i.postimg.cc/V67GNSs6/image.png
I don't think prechamber has such a big room for it. I assume that it is intake or exhaust valve thing. If you can make it sit its position fully only when it is heated. So you can allow some air leak at low temp. This seems more possible to me.

And if you don't have exhaust gas recircluation like road cars and you run the engine above 3-4 k rpm, passive prechamber works good. ( I am saying this researchs made on road car engines ) So I don't think they use an injector for prechamber.

saviour stivala
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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If the design includes an injector injecting directly into the pre-chamber (pre-chamber encloses both spark-plug and injector, as shown in image by AR3-GP), The injection system will be regarded by the rules as an indirect injection system.

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bauc
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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FDD wrote:
26 Dec 2025, 00:58
bauc wrote:
25 Dec 2025, 15:58
hollus wrote:
25 Dec 2025, 10:27
Everybody please breath.

R-U-M-O-R.

We don’t know if it is true, if true we don’t know how big, and if big, we don’t know what is done.


But journos love love convoluted “perhaps” stories, specially in the off season, when pages still need to be filled. It works on many, clearly.

As usual, remember what attracted you to this forum. Screaming cheaters, losers, corrupt and disgusting… That surely wasn’t it. Keep your critical brains engaged, please.
We’ll find out in due time.
This is not a rummor anymore as Mercedes published an official statement, saying the FIA was informed of its design, all along, thus indirectly confirming this?
The first part is absolutely right.
But, we do not know what they inform FIA regarding their design and possible gains.
On the other side we also have G. Anderson statement, clearly saying that piston expanding of 0,3mm needed to achieve 18:1 compression ratio, it's not possible with the materials allowed.
So, we can just sit and wait :)
Thank you for the update, good point!
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TEHNOS
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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What if the piston/chamber was designed in such a way, that volumetrically based on static measurements it is 16:1 ratio, but in reality it runs on 18:1 "effective" volume, I guess achieved by some slot and "dead" volume beneath, could also be, that heat expansion just "closes" the slot and by this way exclude the additional volume surplus needed for achieving 18:1. My 5 cents, fueled by post from vorticism and his thoughts on clever geometries.

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PlatinumZealot
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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All engines since the first engine extisted have been measured at static compression ratios at room temperature.

That is what the rule states.

The compression ratio has limiting returns in the knock-sensitive formula. The highest may not be the best. But anywy we can examine even if your expansion is high you can't just use any alloy for the pistons..

Thermal expansion coeeficients of some metals and alloys:

Common Metals & Alloys (Approx. x10⁻⁶ /°C)
Aluminum: ~23.1
Copper: ~16.5
Iron (Pure/Forged): ~11.8
Steel (Stainless Austenitic): ~17.3
Lead: ~28.9
Silver: ~18.9
Titanium: ~8.6
Tungsten: ~4.5
Zinc: ~30.2


Low Expansion Alloys
Invar (Iron-Nickel): ~1.2 (very low)
Molybdenum: ~4.8
Platinum: ~8.8


High Expansion Metals & Alloys
Lithium: ~46
Plutonium: ~46.7
Potassium: ~83
Magnesium: ~24.8

Plutonium pistons perhaps? The metal is banned and it would be heavy as hell! Lol
teams may already use some amount of Magnesium in the Aluminum alloy... Forged Aluminum pistons are well known to expand a bit.

There is an A319 alloy which uses 0.06% Potassium for wear characteristics but not sure if it has other good properties to use as a piston or part of a piston (or connecting rod for that matter) or if the thermal expansions is imporved. Standard A319 starts about 21um/m cte.

I would rule out any trick by using a special alloy. In fact this rumour is a damp squib to me.
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Rodak
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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PlatinumZealot wrote:
26 Dec 2025, 17:20
All engines since the first engine extisted have been measured at static compression ratios at room temperature.

That is what the rule states.

The compression ratio has limiting returns in the knock-sensitive formula. The highest may not be the best. But anywy we can examine even if your expansion is high you can't just use any alloy for the pistons..

Thermal expansion coeeficients of some metals and alloys:

Common Metals & Alloys (Approx. x10⁻⁶ /°C)
Aluminum: ~23.1
Copper: ~16.5
Iron (Pure/Forged): ~11.8
Steel (Stainless Austenitic): ~17.3
Lead: ~28.9
Silver: ~18.9
Titanium: ~8.6
Tungsten: ~4.5
Zinc: ~30.2


Low Expansion Alloys
Invar (Iron-Nickel): ~1.2 (very low)
Molybdenum: ~4.8
Platinum: ~8.8


High Expansion Metals & Alloys
Lithium: ~46
Plutonium: ~46.7
Potassium: ~83
Magnesium: ~24.8

Plutonium pistons perhaps? The metal is banned and it would be heavy as hell! Lol
teams may already use some amount of Magnesium in the Aluminum alloy... Forged Aluminum pistons are well known to expand a bit.

There is an A319 alloy which uses 0.06% Potassium for wear characteristics but not sure if it has other good properties to use as a piston or part of a piston (or connecting rod for that matter) or if the thermal expansions is imporved. Standard A319 starts about 21um/m cte.

I would rule out any trick by using a special alloy. In fact this rumour is a damp squib to me.
All good and well, except that the 2026 Technical Regulations specify the alloy used for pistons:
15.8.1 Pistons must be produced from one of the following iron-based alloys: AMS 6487, 15cdv6,
42CrMo4, X38CrMoV5-3.

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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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AR3-GP wrote:
25 Dec 2025, 05:24
vorticism wrote:
25 Dec 2025, 05:00
AR3-GP wrote:
25 Dec 2025, 00:31
"...what some call the "second combustion chamber".
https://it.motorsport.com/f1/news/f1-su ... /10786593/
Ah, dang. That’s what I was expecting. Painful. Well, I guess something similar to what I was working on seven years ago is about to enter the public domain...
...
I’ll say this much at this point. It has nothing to do with the geometric compression ratio nor thermal expansion, and it in no way contravenes the regulations, including their previous drafts. The “measured at ambient temperature” addition to the regulations is a red herring and could conceivably make the test more stringent.
It's going to be a two-tier Formula 1 in 2026. The haves, and the have-nots. :-({|=
I wouldn't quite go that far. Combustion efficiency is important but there are a dozen other parameters that are just as important as in any turbocharged engine. The '26 formula engine formula seems to me to be simpler than the preceding formula. This is a much different situation than the transition from the 2013 engine regulations to the 2014 engine regulations. The ICE component now supplies less of the total system output. I would not be surprised if this feature was already in use in the MGUH-era formulas.

I’ll say again the feature in question is not reliant upon thermal expansion any more than any other component of the ICE is reliant upon thermal expansion, and it does not, and cannot, alter the geometric compression ratio of the cylinder. That’s the brilliant part of it. Just sublime. When people see it the response will be like that of what they had when they saw the split-turbo for the first time: “Oh. ... Well. ... Alright. ...” No complaining, just respect for a brilliant idea. If you didn’t think of it, you didn’t think of it. And that’s all that can be said about it. Sublime. Now, you may need to be of an engineer’s or artisan’s mindset to have that response, but that goes for any of aspect of these cars. Most people would not care about what a split turbo is, nor care much about, say, the intricacies of an RB7.

FDD wrote:
26 Dec 2025, 00:58
...we also have G. Anderson statement, clearly saying that piston expanding of 0,3mm needed to achieve 18:1 compression ratio, it's not possible with the materials allowed.
He's right. TE across these sub ~150mm dimensional ranges is too minimal. That's why I had been suggesting discrete components (like the sensor plug) or kinematics (articulated components) to achieve movement of a large enough scale. If it was something as unavoidable as somehow leveraging TE interactions of the conrod, piston, block, or head, then this phenom will be available to all of the teams. It's not any of these things, though.

What's throwing people off, including the press, is the "ambient temperature" change to the wording of the regulations. We outsiders, including journalists, do not know why that wording was changed. It could be for benign reasons f.e. in the case of the FIA wanting to make the testing procedure as easy as possible for themselves, which would include handling parts at room temperature. Too much is being read into the passage. It's a red herring.

Further thoughts:
--We don't know if Ferrari, Audi, and Honda do not themselves also have this innovative feature.
--As it relates to "...no cylinder of the engine may have a geometric compression ratio greater than..." the term "cylinder" is not defined in the regs. Is an engine cylinder the bore in the block, or does it include the cylinder head chamber volume? In common use I've seen such a general term as "cylinder" used in various ways. To describe the volume formed by the bore & piston face beneath the cylinder head, as well as to describe the swept volume, as well as to describe the total volume encapsulated between the cylinder head and the piston face (at any point amid piston travel). If it's bore only, then the cylinder head volume is constrained volumetrically only by the engine displacement specification, which is 1600cc +0/-10.
--People were also getting caught up on the term "compression ratio" (including me). Try calling it the "expansion ratio" instead. How would that change your evaluation of the topic? If these are Miller cycle engines, then we shouldn't conflate the compression ratio values with those of more familiar Otto cycle engines. I.e. 18:1 would be a high compression ratio for an Otto cycle engine, but it would not necessarily be a high compression ratio for Miller cycle engine. Like with "ambient temperature" people are reading too much into "compression ratio," and in this instance drawing a line between two misunderstandings: that this must be about thermal expansion affecting the compression ratio of an Otto cycle engine.
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WardenOfTheNorth
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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To continue the thoughts of some that addition of the "at ambient temperature" wording to the rule was a red herring, could it be that they risked NONE of the ICE units passing the tests if they were at the wrong temperature?

Or, as someone else I think suggested, to avoid teams actively gaming the test by cooling the ICE prior to it?
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etusch
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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PlatinumZealot wrote:
26 Dec 2025, 17:20
All engines since the first engine extisted have been measured at static compression ratios at room temperature.

That is what the rule states.

The compression ratio has limiting returns in the knock-sensitive formula. The highest may not be the best. But anywy we can examine even if your expansion is high you can't just use any alloy for the pistons..
while there is mgu-h they were need more exhaust gas so they could not go full efficient combustion. But now they can go further. So I think they will aim higher compression ratio compared to previous formula.

stewie325
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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etusch wrote:
27 Dec 2025, 08:51
PlatinumZealot wrote:
26 Dec 2025, 17:20
All engines since the first engine extisted have been measured at static compression ratios at room temperature.

That is what the rule states.

The compression ratio has limiting returns in the knock-sensitive formula. The highest may not be the best. But anywy we can examine even if your expansion is high you can't just use any alloy for the pistons..
while there is mgu-h they were need more exhaust gas so they could not go full efficient combustion. But now they can go further. So I think they will aim higher compression ratio compared to previous formula.
If they have more exhaust gases not captured by the MGU-H, would that resurrect blown diffusers?

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WardenOfTheNorth
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Re: 2026 Drama: Alleged engine loophole

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stewie325 wrote:
27 Dec 2025, 14:10
etusch wrote:
27 Dec 2025, 08:51
PlatinumZealot wrote:
26 Dec 2025, 17:20
All engines since the first engine extisted have been measured at static compression ratios at room temperature.

That is what the rule states.

The compression ratio has limiting returns in the knock-sensitive formula. The highest may not be the best. But anywy we can examine even if your expansion is high you can't just use any alloy for the pistons..
while there is mgu-h they were need more exhaust gas so they could not go full efficient combustion. But now they can go further. So I think they will aim higher compression ratio compared to previous formula.
If they have more exhaust gases not captured by the MGU-H, would that resurrect blown diffusers?
No, because the rules dictate the location of the exhaust in order to prevent them.
"From success, you learn absolutely nothing. From failure and setbacks, conclusions can be drawn." - Niki Lauda