The physical side of F1 is mainly conditioning and F1 drivers are almost always small and lightweight, no problems there for a female driver.
Though finding one with the required talent...
Maria de Villota would not have anywhere near a sufficient level, too old for a rookie and hadn't won a race in many years. Susie Wolff is also too old, and has not had a good result in 6 years of DTM (you could say it is a highly competitive series and she doesn't get the latest machinery, but some of her team mates have done much better). Danica Patrick would have been a joke, never done well on road circuits and tbh mediocre results considering she's been driving for top teams in Indycar for 5 years.
Simona de Silvestro is more interesting, had some good results despite not driving for good teams, and more importantly these have been on road circuits where results are more affected by driver talent compared to machinery. Which said, a few good results in Indycar doesn't really scream out for getting an F1 seat, she would be coming in as a pay driver for Sauber. There has certainly been worse pay drivers though, I'd expect her to do okay, maybe some points if the car is reasonably competitive.